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knowledge questions magazine Published this article page no  44 Projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming. For instance o In terrestrial ecosystems 3 to 14% of species assessed will likely face very high risk of extinction at global warming levels of 1.5°C increasing up to 3 to 18% at 2°C 3 to 29% at 3°C 3 to 39% at 4°C and 3 to 48% at 5°C. Very high extinction risk for endemic species in biodiversity hotspots Projected to at least double from 2% between 1.5°C and 2°C global warming levels and to increase at least tenfold if warming rises from 1.5°C to 3°C Approximately a billion people projected to be at risk from coastalspecific climate hazards. At approximately 2°C global warming snowmelt water availability for irrigation is projected to decline in some snowmelt dependent river basins by up to 20%. Complex Compound and Cascading Risks Multiple climate hazards will occur simultaneously and multiple climatic and nonclimatic risks will interact resulting in compounding overall risk and risks cascading across sectors and regions. o For example unavoidable sea level rise will bring cascading and compounding impacts resulting in losses of coastal ecosystems and ecosystem services groundwater salinisation flooding and damages to coastal infrastructure that cascade into risks to livelihoods settlements health wellbeing food and water security and cultural values. Risks arising from some responses that are intended to reduce the risks of climate change knowledge questions in English buy.

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