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general knowledge refresher general knowledge refresher   Published this article page no     94 Lead poisoning Context Recently high levels of lead were found in the blood of thousands of children living around the Kabwe mine in Zambia. How lead affects children? 1. Lead is a potent neurotoxin that causes irreparable harm to childrens brains. 2. It is particularly destructive to babies and children under the age of 5 as it damages their brain before they have had the opportunity to fully develop causing them lifelong neurological cognitive and physical impairment. 3. Childhood lead exposure has also been linked to mental health and behavioural problems and an increase in crime and violence. 4. Older children suffer severe consequences including increased risk of kidney damage and cardiovascular diseases in later life. How it costs countries? Childhood lead exposure is estimated to cost lower and middleincome countries almost USD $1 trillion due to lost economic potential ...

general knowledge refresher general knowledge refresher   Published this article page no     93 Controlling the anthropogenic releases of mercury throughout its lifecycle is one of the key obligations under the Convention.     It is a UN treaty.     The Convention also addresses interim storage of mercury and its disposal once it becomes waste sites contaminated by mercury as well as health issues.     India has ratified the Convention.     a Swiss group that measures air quality levels based on the concentration of Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5. Key findings     Bangladesh was the most polluted country in the world in 2021. Bangladesh recorded an average PM2.5 level of 76.9 micrograms per cubic metre in 2021 against the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended maximum permissible level of 5 micrograms per cubic metre.     Earlier in 2018 2019 and 2020 also Bangladesh was found to be the most polluted country in...

shine india subscription shine india subscription   Published this article page no     29 On Monday March 7 the Gujarat government marked 100 years of the PalDadhvav killings calling it a massacre bigger than the Jallianwala Bagh. What is Pal     Dadhvav massacre? Took place on March 7 1922 in the PalChitariya and Dadhvaav villages of Sabarkantha district then part of Idar state (presentday Gujarat). Villagers from Pal Dadhvav and Chitariya had gathered on the banks of river Heir as part of the Eki movement led by one Motilal Tejawat.The movement was to protest against the land revenue tax (lagaan) imposed on the peasants by the British and feudal lords. British Paramilitary force was on hunt for Tehawat. It heard of this gathering and reached the spot.Nearly 200 bhils under the leadership of Tehawat lifted their bows and arrows. But the Britishers opened fire on them. Nearly 1000 tribals (Bhils) fell to bullets.Tejwat however escaped and later returned to the s...

banking service chronicle magazine banking service chronicle magazine   Published this article page no     15 Karnataka panel recommends Cut Waste Task Force Karnataka Administrative Reforms Commission2 (KARC2) headed by former chief secretary T M Vijay Bhaskar has recommended the constitution of a Cut Waste Task Force to slash wasteful expenses incurred by various departments of the State Government boards and corporations. It also recommends performance appraisal for officers and staff besides timely payment of compensation for land acquisition.The Cut Waste Task Force could receive suggestions from the public internal and external stakeholders on areas where the government can cut waste and effect savings in the delivery of public services and in its daytoday functioning.This model has been adopted by the Government of Singapore since 2003. Within three years of its inception it managed to save over $11.4 million of public resources by implementation of the accepted su...

junior science refresher magazine  junior science refresher magazine    Published this article page no 42  It will catalyze domestic market development and provides impetus to institutional investors.  It will provide benchmark pricing liquidity and a demonstration effect for local issuers helping to support the growth of a local market. Green Bonds Vs Blue Bonds Blue bonds are sustainability bonds to finance projects that protect the ocean and related ecosystems.  This can include projects to support sustainable fisheries protection of coral reefs and other fragile ecosystems or reducing pollution and acidification.  All blue bonds are green bonds but not all green bonds are blue bonds. Green Bonds Vs Climate Bonds Green bonds and climate bonds are sometimes used interchangeably but some authorities use the latter term specifically for projects focusing on reducing carbon emissions or alleviating the effects of climate change. Yes Bank was the first I...

junior science refresher magazine junior science refresher magazine     Published this article page no     41 India will issue at least Rs 24000 crore ($3.3 billion) in sovereign green bonds as the country marks a shift towards a lowcarbon economy. Need for Indias maiden foray into the green bond space comes as it plans to fund renewable energy projects that will help meet its goal of netzero emissions by 2070.     The planned issuance comes amid a global boom in sustainable investments.     India is the worlds thirdbiggest emitter of greenhouse gases and plans to more than quadruple its renewable power generation capacity by 2030. What Is a Green Bond? A green bond is a type of fixedincome instrument that is specifically earmarked to raise money for climate and environmental projects.     157 These bonds are typically assetlinked and backed by the issuing entitys balance sheet so they usually carry the same credit rating as their issuer...

civil services chronicle magazine civil services chronicle magazine   Published this article page no        149   Blockchain technology is an amalgamation of various technologies such as distributed systems cryptography etc.Blockchain is a series of blocks where each block contains details of transactions executed over the network hash(address) of the previous block timestamp etc.Data and transactions stored in blocks are secured against tampering using cryptographic hash algorithms and are validated and verified through consensus (consensus protocols) across nodes of the Blockchain network.Blockchain platforms are being developed across the globe to offer Blockchain based digital transaction platforms enabled with interoperability across various chains. Popular blockchain platforms include Hyperledger Cosmos Polkadot Redbelly Ethereum etc. Significance of the technology Decentralised mechanism Blockchain technology provides efficient distributed ledge...

  civil services chronicle magazine civil services chronicle magazine Published this article page no     150 Applicability in diverse domains Blockchain can be used in both Permissioned and Permissionless models. These models have applications in various domains such as education governance finance & banking healthcare logistics cyber security media legal power sector etc. Examples of potential applicationsEGovernance This technology can effectively be used in situations where multiple organizations or departments are involved in a particular workflow which not only makes the underlying system more efficient but also brings trust transparency and accountability in the system. o This includes Property Record Management Digital birth death and education certificates Management etc. Blockchain Models PublicPermissonless PrivatePermissioned Anyone can join read write and commit Only authorized participants can write and commit All are allowed to participate in ...

  pratiyogita kiran pratiyogita kiran Published this article page no 01 Countering Americas Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA)s core objective is to counter Iran Russia and North Korea through punitive measures. Enacted in 2017. Includes sanctions against countries that engage in significant transactions with Russias defence and intelligence sectors. What sanctions will be imposed? 1. prohibition on loans to the sanctioned person. 2. prohibition of ExportImport bank assistance for exports to sanctioned persons. 3. prohibition on procurement by United States Government to procure goods or services from the sanctioned person. 4. denial of visas to persons closely associated with the sanctioned person. Significance of the deal The S400 decision is a very strong example of how advanced our defence and strategic partnership is and how strong Indian sovereignty is to choose its international partners especially when it comes to issues of national interest and national security. ...

competition refresher magazine competition refresher magazine   Published this article page no      42 Experts from India Israel approved 3 joint R&D projects worth 5.5 million $ under I4F. o I4F is a cooperation between India and Israel to promote facilitate and support joint industrial R&D projects between companies from India and Israel to address the challenges in the agreed Focus Sectors. o It is aimed to promote facilitate and support joint industrial R&D between India & Israel which would lead to the codevelopment and commercialization of innovative technologies benefiting both countries. 4.4. OTHER IMPORTANT NEWS IndiaUnited Arab Emirates IndiaUAE began Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) negotiations. About IndiaUAE trade relations o IndiaUAE trade is valued close to $60 billion in 201920 with UAE being Indias thirdlargest trading partner. o UAE is Indias thirdbiggest goods export market in FY21 behind only the US and China. o...

competition refresher magazine competition refresher magazine   Published this article page no   41 INDIAPALESTINE POLICY Recently violent clashes erupted between Israeli and Palestinian factions in the Gaza Strip which have ended with Israel and Hamas agreeing to an Egyptmediated ceasefire. What is the twostate solution? It means that an independent sovereign Palestine state and an independent sovereign Israeli state would coexist in peace The first proposal for the creation of Jewish and Arab states in the British Mandate of Palestine was made in the Peel Commission report of 1937 which proposed that Palestine be partitioned into three zones an Arab state a Jewish state and a neutral territory containing the holy places. It was also reflected in United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine of 1947 but was rejected by Arabs at that time. It was only in 1991 when Two State Solution was agreed upon during US mediated Madrid Peace Conference. India supports the Two State Sol...

meri saheli magazine meri saheli magazine Published this article page no    40 Under this agreement India committed towards developing Chabahar port as well the landbased route connecting the port to Afghanistan. India also signed a pact with Iran to provide requisite services for the construction of ChabaharZahedan railway line that cuts down travel time from the Chabahar port to the IranAfghanistan border. . IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL Iran Russia China and the European countries have resumed negotiations in Vienna to revive the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear agreement. 23 About JCPOA JCPOA also known as 2015 Iran nuclear deal was signed between Iran and P5+1 (China France Germany Russia UK and US). In 2018 US withdrew from the deal. Under the terms of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Iran was prohibited from enriching uranium above 3.67% with exception of research reactor activities. o Enriched uranium above 90% can be used in a nuclear weapon. Ira...

meri saheli magazine   meri saheli magazine    Published this article page no  52 There is a rapidly narrowing window of opportunity to enable climate resilient development. The prospects for climate resilient development will be further limited if global warming levels exceeds 1.5°C and not be possible in some regions and subregions if the global warming level exceeds 2°C. 71 5.1.4. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE REPORT Undertaking feasible and effective adaptation options which can reduce risks to people and nature (see infographic). Avoiding Maladaptation byo Considering biodiversity and autonomous adaptation in longterm planning processes. o Inclusive planning initiatives informed by cultural values Indigenous knowledge local knowledge and scientific knowledge. o Multisectoral and multiactor planning with flexible pathways  meri saheli magazine subscription buy . meri saheli magazine  

meri saheli magazine meri saheli magazine   Published this article page no  51 Maladaptation Actions that focus on sectors and risks in isolation and on shortterm gains often lead to maladaptation if longterm impacts of the adaptation option and longterm adaptation commitment are not taken into account. o For example seawalls effectively reduce impacts to people and assets in the shortterm but can also increase exposure to climate risks in the longterm as reduce space for natural processes. Maladaptive responses to climate change cano Create lockins of vulnerability exposure and risks that are difficult and expensive to change. o Decrease Biodiversity and ecosystem resilience to climate change. o Affect marginalised and vulnerable groups adversely (e.g. Indigenous Peoples ethnic minorities lowincome households informal settlements) by reinforcing and entrenching existing inequities. Climate Resilient Development  meri saheli magazine subscription buy. meri saheli magazine...

knowledge questions magazine knowledge questions magazine   Published this article page no  44 Projected adverse impacts and related losses and damages escalate with every increment of global warming. For instance o In terrestrial ecosystems 3 to 14% of species assessed will likely face very high risk of extinction at global warming levels of 1.5°C increasing up to 3 to 18% at 2°C 3 to 29% at 3°C 3 to 39% at 4°C and 3 to 48% at 5°C. Very high extinction risk for endemic species in biodiversity hotspots Projected to at least double from 2% between 1.5°C and 2°C global warming levels and to increase at least tenfold if warming rises from 1.5°C to 3°C Approximately a billion people projected to be at risk from coastalspecific climate hazards. At approximately 2°C global warming snowmelt water availability for irrigation is projected to decline in some snowmelt dependent river basins by up to 20%. Complex Compound and Cascading Risks Multiple climate hazards will occur simultaneou...

mahindra current affairs magazine buy online mahindra current affairs magazine buy online     Published this article page no     35   BOESENBERGIA ALBOLUTEA & BOESENBERGIA RUBROLUTEA   These two species of plants are now Extinct in the Wild (EW) under IUCN which were discovered around 125 years ago. Boesenbergiarubrolutea was endemic to Khasi HillMeghalaya while Boesenbergiaalbolutea was endemic to Andaman Island. o Classified under the genus Boesenbergia, the species belong to the family Zingiberaceae, the ginger family of flowering plants. Possible reasons for their disappearance include climate change, human interference and overexploitation, or natural calamities. 5.6.8. CANARY BLACK BEE About 50 days after Cumbre Vieja volcano in the Canary Islands erupted, tens of thousands of bees were found alive inside hives that had been covered in volcanic ash. 66Honeybees use propolis (a resin like mixture sometimes known as bee glue), produced from substanc...

junior science refresher junior science refresher  Published this article page no 137 SAGAR Security and Growth for All in the Region is the theme of Indian Ocean Policy as outlined by PM. Signing of White Shipping Agreements and agreements on Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR). Setting up of Coastal Surveillance Radar Systems and medical supplies through OperationSagarI and Sagar II during covid times. Net Security provider  deployment of ships by Indian Navy and Coast guard for maritime security and antipiracy operations  junior science refresher magazine buy.  junior science refresher

junior science refresher  junior science refresher   Published this article page no 140 ENVIRONMENT EXTENDED PRODUCERS RESPONSIBILITY ON PLASTIC PACKAGING Why in news? Recently Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change has notified the Guidelines on Extended Producers Responsibility (EPR) on plastic packaging under Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016. More about news The guidelines on EPR coupled with prohibition of identified single use plastic items are important steps for reducing pollution caused due to littered plastic waste in the country. As per the new notification the Government has announced setting up of a committee which shall be constituted by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) under chairpersonship of CPCB chairman to recommend measures to the Environment ministry for effective implementation of EPR including amendments to EPR guidelines. o It will strengthen circular economy of plastic packaging waste promote development of new alternatives to pl...

  Junior Science Refresher Junior Science Refresher  this is science magazine in india   published this article page no    9 published this article page no    to prevent many diseases and infections timely vaccination is of utmost importance however amid the covid pandemic the work on childhood vaccination has suffered greatly. apart from the covid vaccines the government of india has been stressing about getting children vaccinated to protect them from deadly diseases such as tetanus polio diphtheria and hepatitis among others. as per unicef only % of children in india receive full immunization during their first year of life. despite the clear evidence of the significance of vaccines young children in india as well as in other countries are missing out on lifesaving vaccination. the vaccine is the only mode that can prevent deadly diseases and is given in early childhood. it is also important as it helps in eradicating dangerous diseases such as poli...

Junior Science Refresher Junior Science Refresher  this is science magazine in india   published this article page no    8 published this article page no    world immunisation week is celebrated in the last week of april and the event is observed by the world health organization who. through its convening power who works with countries across the world to raise awareness of the value of vaccines and immunization as well as ensuring that governments obtain guidance and technical support for implementing highquality immunization programmes   junior science refresher magazine subscription . Junior Science Refresher